{"id":2824,"date":"2026-04-30T15:04:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T15:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.ibvl.in\/index.php\/2026\/04\/30\/anti-ddos-firm-heaped-attacks-on-brazilian-isps\/"},"modified":"2026-04-30T15:04:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T15:04:17","slug":"anti-ddos-firm-heaped-attacks-on-brazilian-isps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ibvl.in\/index.php\/2026\/04\/30\/anti-ddos-firm-heaped-attacks-on-brazilian-isps\/","title":{"rendered":"Anti-DDoS Firm Heaped Attacks on Brazilian ISPs"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>A Brazilian tech firm that specializes in protecting networks from distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks has been enabling a botnet responsible for an extended campaign of massive DDoS attacks against other network operators in Brazil, KrebsOnSecurity has learned. The firm\u2019s chief executive says the malicious activity resulted from a security breach and was likely the work of a competitor trying to tarnish his company\u2019s public image.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_73511\" style=\"width: 773px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-73511\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-73511\" src=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/tpllink-ax21.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"763\" height=\"513\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-73511\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Archer AX21 router from TP-Link. Image: tp-link.com.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>For the past several years, security experts have tracked a series of massive DDoS attacks originating from Brazil and solely targeting Brazilian ISPs. Until recently, it was less than clear who or what was behind these digital sieges. That changed earlier this month when a trusted source who asked to remain anonymous shared a curious file archive that was exposed in an open directory online.<\/p>\n<p>The exposed archive contained several Portuguese-language malicious programs written in Python. It also included the private <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sectigo.com\/blog\/what-is-an-ssh-key\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SSH authentication keys<\/a> belonging to the CEO of <strong>Huge Networks<\/strong>, a Brazilian ISP that primarily offers DDoS protection to other Brazilian network operators.<\/p>\n<p>Founded in Miami, Fla. in 2014, Huge Networks\u2019s operations are centered in Brazil. The company originated from protecting game servers against DDoS attacks and evolved into an ISP-focused DDoS mitigation provider. It does not appear in any public abuse complaints and is not associated with any known <a href=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/category\/ddos-for-hire\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DDoS-for-hire services<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, the exposed archive shows that a Brazil-based threat actor maintained root access to Huge Networks infrastructure and built a powerful DDoS botnet by routinely mass-scanning the Internet for insecure Internet routers and unmanaged <a title=\"http:\/\/compnetworking.about.com\/od\/dns_domainnamesystem\/f\/dns_servers.htm\" href=\"http:\/\/compnetworking.about.com\/od\/dns_domainnamesystem\/f\/dns_servers.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">domain name system (DNS)<\/a> servers on the Web that could be enlisted in attacks.<\/p>\n<p>DNS is what allows Internet users to reach websites by typing familiar domain names instead of the associated IP addresses. Ideally, DNS servers only provide answers to machines within a trusted domain. But so-called \u201cDNS reflection\u201d attacks rely on DNS servers that are (mis)configured to accept queries from anywhere on the Web. Attackers can send spoofed DNS queries to these servers so that the request appears to come from the target\u2019s network. That way, when the DNS servers respond, they reply to the spoofed (targeted) address.<\/p>\n<p>By taking advantage of an extension to the DNS protocol that enables large DNS messages, botmasters\u00a0can dramatically boost the size and impact of a reflection attack \u2014 crafting DNS queries so that the responses are much bigger than the requests.\u00a0For example, an attacker could compose a DNS request of less than 100 bytes, prompting a response that is 60-70 times as large. This amplification effect is especially pronounced when the perpetrators can query many DNS servers with these spoofed requests from tens of thousands of compromised devices simultaneously.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_73544\" style=\"width: 718px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-73544\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-73544\" src=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/dnsamp.png\" alt=\"A DNS amplification attack, illustrated. It shows an attacker on the left, sending malicious commands to a number of bots to the immediate right, which then make spoofed DNS queries with the source address as the target's IP address.\" width=\"708\" height=\"363\"><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-73544\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A DNS amplification and reflection attack, illustrated. Image: veracara.digicert.com.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The exposed file archive includes <a href=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/bash-hist.txt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a command-line history<\/a> showing exactly how this attacker built and maintained a powerful botnet by scouring the Internet for <strong>TP-Link Archer AX21<\/strong> routers. Specifically, the botnet seeks out TP-Link devices that remain vulnerable to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tp-link.com\/us\/support\/faq\/3643\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CVE-2023-1389<\/a>, an unauthenticated command injection vulnerability that was patched back in April 2023.<\/p>\n<p>Malicious domains in the exposed Python attack scripts included DNS lookups for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.virustotal.com\/gui\/domain\/hikylover.st\/community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hikylover[.]st<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/bazaar.abuse.ch\/sample\/946709926db4a2c9a7768af3c6e621dfa79e6fd32560fb72fb2231528f19e0df\/#intel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">c.loyaltyservices[.]lol<\/a>, both domains that have been flagged in the past year as control servers for an Internet of Things (IoT) botnet powered by a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mirai_(malware)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mirai malware<\/a> variant.<\/p>\n<p>The leaked archive shows the botmaster coordinated their scanning from a Digital Ocean server that has been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abuseipdb.com\/check\/174.138.89.122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flagged for abusive activity hundreds of times<\/a> in the past year. The Python scripts invoke multiple Internet addresses assigned to Huge Networks that were used to identify targets and execute DDoS campaigns. The attacks were strictly limited to Brazilian IP address ranges, and the scripts show that each selected IP address prefix was attacked for 10-60 seconds with four parallel processes per host before the botnet moved on to the next target.<\/p>\n<p>The archive also shows these malicious Python scripts relied on private SSH keys belonging to Huge Networks\u2019s CEO, <strong>Erick Nascimento<\/strong>. Reached for comment about the files, Mr. Nascimento said he did not write the attack programs and that he didn\u2019t realize the extent of the DDoS campaigns until contacted by KrebsOnSecurity.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe received and notified many Tier 1 upstreams regarding very very large DDoS attacks against small ISPs,\u201d Nascimento said. \u201cWe didn\u2019t dig deep enough at the time, and what you sent makes that clear.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Nascimento said the unauthorized activity is likely related to a digital intrusion first detected in January 2026 that compromised two of the company\u2019s development servers, as well as his personal SSH keys. But he said there\u2019s no evidence those keys were used after January.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe notified the team in writing the same day, wiped the boxes, and rotated keys,\u201d Nascimento said, sharing a screenshot of a January 11 notification from Digital Ocean. \u201cAll documented internally.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mr. Nascimento said Huge Networks has since engaged a third-party network forensics firm to investigate further.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur working assessment so far is that this all started with a single internal compromise \u2014 one pivot point that gave the attacker downstream access to some resources, including a legacy personal droplet of mine,\u201d he wrote. <span id=\"more-73488\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe compromise happened through a bastion\/jump server that several people had access to,\u201d Nascimento continued. \u201cDigital Ocean flagged the droplet on January 11 \u2014 compromised due to a leaked SSH key, in their wording \u2014 I was traveling at the time and addressed it on return. That droplet was deprecated and destroyed, and it was never part of Huge Networks infrastructure.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The malicious software that powers the botnet of TP-Link devices used in the DDoS attacks on Brazilian ISPs is based on <a href=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/?s=mirai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mirai<\/a>, a malware strain that made its public debut in September 2016 by launching <a href=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2016\/09\/krebsonsecurity-hit-with-record-ddos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a then record-smashing DDoS attack<\/a> that kept this website <a href=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2016\/09\/the-democratization-of-censorship\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offline for four days<\/a>. In January 2017, KrebsOnSecurity <a href=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2017\/01\/who-is-anna-senpai-the-mirai-worm-author\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identified the Mirai authors<\/a> as the co-owners of a DDoS mitigation firm that was using the botnet to attack gaming servers and scare up new clients.<\/p>\n<p>In May 2025, KrebsOnSecurity was hit by another Mirai-based DDoS that Google called <a href=\"https:\/\/krebsonsecurity.com\/2025\/05\/krebsonsecurity-hit-with-near-record-6-3-tbps-ddos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the largest attack it had ever mitigated<\/a>. That report implicated a 20-something Brazilian man who was running a DDoS mitigation company as well as several DDoS-for-hire services that have since been seized by the FBI.<\/p>\n<p>Nascimento flatly denied being involved in DDoS attacks against Brazilian operators to generate business for his company\u2019s services.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe don\u2019t run DDoS attacks against Brazilian operators to sell protection,\u201d Nascimento wrote in response to questions. \u201cOur sales model is mostly inbound and through channel integrator, distributors, partners \u2014 not active prospecting based on market incidents. The targets in the scripts you received are small regional providers, the vast majority of which are neither in our customer base nor in our commercial pipeline \u2014 a fact verifiable through public sources like <a href=\"https:\/\/radar.qrator.net\/as\/264409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">QRator<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Nascimento maintains he has \u201cstrong evidence stored on the blockchain\u201d that this was all done by a competitor. As for who that competitor might be, the CEO wouldn\u2019t say.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI would love to share this with you, but it could not be published as it would lose the surprise factor against my dishonest competitor,\u201d he explained. \u201cCoincidentally or not, your contact happened a week before an important event \u2013 \u200b\u200bone that this competitor has NEVER participated in (and it\u2019s a traditional event in the sector). And this year, they will be participating. Strange, isn\u2019t it?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Strange indeed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Brazilian tech firm that specializes in protecting networks from distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks has been enabling a botnet responsible for an extended campaign of massive DDoS attacks against other network operators in Brazil, KrebsOnSecurity has learned. The firm\u2019s chief executive says the malicious activity resulted from a security breach and was likely the work [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[113,90,567,483,348,1092,1093,409,586,1094,145],"tags":[91],"class_list":["post-2824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-little-sunshine","category-cybersecurity","category-data-breaches","category-ddos","category-ddos-for-hire","category-erick-nascimento","category-huge-networks","category-internet-of-things-iot","category-mirai","category-tp-link-archer-ax21","category-web-fraud-2-0","tag-cybersecurity"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Anti-DDoS Firm Heaped Attacks on Brazilian ISPs - Imperative Business Ventures Limited<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ibvl.in\/index.php\/2026\/04\/30\/anti-ddos-firm-heaped-attacks-on-brazilian-isps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anti-DDoS Firm Heaped Attacks on Brazilian ISPs - Imperative Business Ventures Limited\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Brazilian tech firm that specializes in protecting networks from distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks has been enabling a botnet responsible for an extended campaign of massive DDoS attacks against other network operators in Brazil, KrebsOnSecurity has learned. 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