{"id":1235,"date":"2026-02-11T14:05:42","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T14:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.ibvl.in\/index.php\/2026\/02\/11\/the-game-is-over-when-free-comes-at-too-high-a-price-what-we-know-about-renengine\/"},"modified":"2026-02-11T14:05:42","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T14:05:42","slug":"the-game-is-over-when-free-comes-at-too-high-a-price-what-we-know-about-renengine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ibvl.in\/index.php\/2026\/02\/11\/the-game-is-over-when-free-comes-at-too-high-a-price-what-we-know-about-renengine\/","title":{"rendered":"The game is over: when \u201cfree\u201d comes at too high a price. What we know about RenEngine"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

We often describe cases<\/a> of malware distribution under the guise of game cheats and pirated software. Sometimes such methods are used to spread complex malware that employs advanced techniques and sophisticated infection chains.<\/p>\n

In February 2026, researchers from Howler Cell announced the discovery of a mass campaign<\/a> distributing pirated games infected with a previously unknown family of malware. It turned out to be a loader called RenEngine, which was delivered to the device using a modified version of a Ren\u2019Py engine-based game launcher. Kaspersky solutions detect the RenEngine loader as Trojan.Python.Agent.nb and HEUR:Trojan.Python.Agent.gen.<\/p>\n

However, this threat is not new. Our solutions began detecting the first samples of the RenEngine loader in March 2025, when it was used to distribute the Lumma stealer (Trojan-PSW.Win32.Lumma.gen).<\/p>\n

In the ongoing incidents, ACR Stealer (Trojan-PSW.Win32.ACRstealer.gen) is being distributed as the final payload. We have been monitoring this campaign for a long time and will share some details in this article.<\/p>\n

Incident analysis<\/h2>\n

Disguise as a visual novel<\/h3>\n

Let\u2019s look at the first incident we detected in March 2025. At that time, the attackers distributed the malware under the guise of a hacked game on a popular gaming web resource.<\/p>\n

The website featured a game download page with two buttons: Free Download Now and Direct Download. Both buttons had the same functionality: they redirected users to the MEGA file-sharing service, where they were offered to download an archive with the \u201cgame.\u201d\n<\/p>\n

\"Game<\/a><\/p>\n

Game download page<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

When the \u201cgame\u201d was launched, the download process would stop at 100%. One might think that the game froze, but that was not the case \u2014 the \u201creal\u201d malicious code just started working.<\/p>\n

\"Placeholder<\/a><\/p>\n

Placeholder with the download screen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cGame\u201d source files analysis<\/h3>\n
\"The<\/a><\/p>\n

The full infection chain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

After analyzing the source files, we found Python scripts that initiate the initial device infection. These scripts imitate the endless loading of the game. In addition, they contain the is_sandboxed<\/code> function for bypassing the sandbox and xor_decrypt_file<\/code> for decrypting the malicious payload. Using the latter, the script decrypts the ZIP archive, unpacks its contents into the .temp<\/code> directory, and launches the unpacked files.<\/p>\n

\"Contents<\/a><\/p>\n

Contents of the .temp directory<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

There are five files in the .temp<\/code> directory. The DKsyVGUJ.exe<\/code> executable is not malicious. Its original name is Ahnenblatt4.exe<\/code>, and it is a well-known legitimate application for organizing genealogical data. The borlndmm.dll<\/code> library also does not contain malicious code; it implements the memory manager required to run the executable. Another library, cc32290mt.dll<\/code>, contains a code snippet patched by attackers that intercepts control when the application is launched and deploys the first stage of the payload in the process memory.<\/p>\n

HijackLoader<\/h3>\n

The dbghelp.dll<\/code> system library is used as a \u201ccontainer\u201d to launch the first stage of the payload. It is overwritten in memory with decrypted shellcode obtained from the gayal.asp<\/code> file using the cc32290mt.dll<\/code> library. The resulting payload is HijackLoader. This is a relatively new means of delivering and deploying malicious implants. A distinctive feature of this malware family is its modularity and configuration flexibility. HijackLoader was first detected and described<\/a> in the summer of 2023. More detailed information about this loader is available to customers of the Kaspersky Intelligence Reporting Service<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The final payload can be delivered in two ways, depending on the configuration parameters of the malicious sample. The main HijackLoader ti<\/code> module is used to launch and prepare the process for the final payload injection. In some cases, an additional module is also used, which is injected into an intermediate process launched by the main one. The code that performs the injection is the same in both cases.<\/p>\n

Before creating a child process, the configuration parameters are encrypted using XOR and saved to the %TEMP%<\/code> directory with a random name. The file name is written to the system environment variables.\n<\/p>\n

\"Loading<\/a><\/p>\n

Loading configuration parameters saved by the main module<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

In the analyzed sample, the execution follows a longer path with an intermediate child process, cmd.exe. It is created in suspended mode by calling the auxiliary module modCreateProcess<\/code>. Then, using the ZwCreateSection<\/code> and ZwMapViewOfSection<\/code> system API calls, the code of the same dbghelp.dll<\/code> library is loaded into the address space of the process, after which it intercepts control.<\/p>\n

Next, the ti<\/code> module, launched in the child process, reads the hap.eml<\/code> file, from which it decrypts the second stage of HijackLoader. The module then loads the pla.dll<\/code> system library and overwrites the beginning of its code section with the received payload, after which it transfers control to this library.\n<\/p>\n

\"Payload<\/a><\/p>\n

Payload decryption<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

The decrypted payload is an EXE file, and the configuration parameters are set to inject it into the explorer.exe<\/code> child process. The payload is written to the memory of the child process in several stages:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. First, the malicious payload is written to a temporary file on disk using the transaction mechanism provided by the Windows API. The payload is written in several stages and not in the order in which the data is stored in the file. The MZ<\/code> signature, with which any PE file begins, is written last with a delay.\n
  2. After that, the payload is loaded from the temporary file into the address space of the current process using the ZwCreateSection<\/code> call. The transaction that wrote to the file is rolled back, thus deleting the temporary file with the payload.<\/li>\n
  3. Next, the sample uses the modCreateProcess<\/code> module to launch a child process explorer.exe<\/code> and injects the payload into it by creating a shared memory region with the ZwMapViewOfSection<\/code> call.\n
  4. The last step performed by the parent process is starting a thread in the child process by calling ZwResumeThread<\/code>. After that, the thread starts executing the rshell<\/code> module code placed at the child process entry point, and the parent process terminates.\n

    The rshell<\/code> module prepares the final malicious payload. Once it has finished, it transfers control to another HijackLoader module called ESAL<\/code>. It replaces the contents of rshell<\/code> with zeros using the memset<\/code> function and launches the final payload, which is a stealer from the Lumma family (Trojan-PSW.Win32.Lumma).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In addition to the modules described above, this HijackLoader sample contains the following modules, which were used at intermediate stages: COPYLIST<\/code>, modTask<\/code>, modUAC<\/code>, modWriteFile<\/code>.
    \nKaspersky solutions detect HijackLoader with the verdicts Trojan.Win32.Penguish and Trojan.Win32.DllHijacker.<\/p>\n

    Not only games<\/h2>\n

    In addition to gaming sites, we found that attackers created dozens of different web resources to distribute RenEngine under the guise of pirated software. On one such site, for example, users can supposedly download an activated version of the CorelDRAW graphics editor.\n<\/p>\n

    \"Distribution<\/a><\/p>\n

    Distribution of RenEngine under the guise of the CorelDRAW pirated version<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    When the user clicks the Descargar Ahora (\u201cDownload Now\u201d) button, they are redirected several times to other malicious websites, after which an infected archive is downloaded to their device.<\/p>\n

    \"File<\/a><\/p>\n

    File storage imitations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    Distribution<\/h2>\n

    According to our data, since March 2025, RenEngine has affected users in the following countries:<\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    Distribution of incidents involving the RenEngine loader by country (TOP 20), February 2026 (download<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n

    The distribution pattern of this loader suggests that the attacks are not targeted. At the time of publication, we have recorded the highest number of incidents in Russia, Brazil, Turkey, Spain, and Germany.<\/p>\n

    Recommendations for protection<\/h2>\n

    The format of game archives is generally not standardized and is unique for each game. This means that there is no universal algorithm for unpacking and checking the contents of game archives. If the game engine does not check the integrity and authenticity of executable resources and scripts, such an archive can become a repository for malware if modified by attackers. Despite this, Kaspersky Premium<\/a> protects against such threats with its Behavior Detection component<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    The distribution of malware under the guise of pirated software and hacked games is not a new tactic. It is relatively easy to avoid infection by the malware described in this article \u2014 simply install games and programs from trusted sites. In addition, it is important for gamers to remember the need to install specialized security solutions<\/a>. This ongoing campaign employs the Lumma and ACR stylers, and Vidar was also found<\/a> \u2014 none of these are new threats, but rather long-known malware. This means that modern antivirus technologies can detect even modified versions of the above-mentioned stealers and their alternatives, preventing further infection.<\/p>\n

    Indicators of compromise<\/h2>\n

    12EC3516889887E7BCF75D7345E3207A \u2013 setup_game_8246.zip
    \nD3CF36C37402D05F1B7AA2C444DC211A \u2013 __init.py__
    \n1E0BF40895673FCD96A8EA3DDFAB0AE2 \u2013 cc32290mt.dll
    \n2E70ECA2191C79AD15DA2D4C25EB66B9 \u2013 Lumma Stealer<\/p>\n

    hxxps:\/\/hentakugames[.]com\/country-bumpkin\/
    \nhxxps:\/\/dodi-repacks[.]site
    \nhxxps:\/\/artistapirata[.]fit
    \nhxxps:\/\/artistapirata[.]vip
    \nhxxps:\/\/awdescargas[.]pro
    \nhxxps:\/\/fullprogramlarindir[.]me
    \nhxxps:\/\/gamesleech[.]com
    \nhxxps:\/\/parapcc[.]com
    \nhxxps:\/\/saglamindir[.]vip
    \nhxxps:\/\/zdescargas[.]pro
    \nhxxps:\/\/filedownloads[.]store
    \nhxxps:\/\/go[.]zovo[.]ink<\/p>\n

    Lumma C2
    \nhxxps:\/\/steamcommunity[.]com\/profiles\/76561199822375128
    \nhxxps:\/\/localfxement[.]live
    \nhxxps:\/\/explorebieology[.]run
    \nhxxps:\/\/agroecologyguide[.]digital
    \nhxxps:\/\/moderzysics[.]top
    \nhxxps:\/\/seedsxouts[.]shop
    \nhxxps:\/\/codxefusion[.]top
    \nhxxps:\/\/farfinable[.]top
    \nhxxps:\/\/techspherxe[.]top
    \nhxxps:\/\/cropcircleforum[.]today<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    We often describe cases of malware distribution under the guise of game cheats and pirated software. Sometimes such methods are used to spread complex malware that employs advanced techniques and sophisticated infection chains. In February 2026, researchers from Howler Cell announced the discovery of a mass campaign distributing pirated games infected with a previously unknown […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-container-style":"default","site-container-layout":"default","site-sidebar-layout":"default","disable-article-header":"default","disable-site-header":"default","disable-site-footer":"default","disable-content-area-spacing":"default","footnotes":""},"categories":[634,90,559,636,99,232,233,635,260,311,503,637,257],"tags":[91],"class_list":["post-1235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-antivirus-technologies","category-cybersecurity","category-incidents","category-lumma","category-malware","category-malware-descriptions","category-malware-technologies","category-online-games","category-security-technology","category-shellcode","category-trojan-stealer","category-web-threats","category-windows-malware","tag-cybersecurity"],"yoast_head":"\nThe game is over: when \u201cfree\u201d comes at too high a price. 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